A column that has many distinct values, such as timestamp, would be a good first choice. To avoid a large data transfer over the network, define a DISTKEY.įrom the columns used in your queries, choose a column that causes the least amount of skew as the DISTKEY. You can’t optimize your table for all queries, unfortunately. Pick a small number of important queries you want to optimize your databases for. You can no longer see the double "Aggregate." If you look at the details of Hash Aggregation, you will notice that the steps are much more simplified compared to the very first query. Skew is minimal, and there’s no warning sign for a large data transfer across the network. Query execution details look good as well. The same query now takes only 8.32 seconds to return, more than six times faster than the previous query, and more than twice as fast as the very first query.ĬPU Utilization is also much better 10% vs the previous 30%. ) DISTKEY(created_at) SORTKEY(created_at) Since the values of the column err_code was too skewed to use as a DISTKEY, you can use the other column created_at instead. That is why the query took longer than the query made against the table without a DISTKEY. In this (extreme) case, almost all the rows were processed by a single node. When such a skew occurs, the total query processing time takes much longer because the performance is capped by the slowest processing node i.e., the query cannot be spread across multiple nodes. Because err_code was the DISTKEY, at least 95.5% of the rows were put on one particular node. It actually has 95.5% of the rows in the table. You can see one of the error codes (1204) has an extremely large number of rows compared to the others. Running the following query will tell you how many rows each err_code has: SELECT err_code, count(*) FROM system_errors2 GROUP BY err_code The slowest node must have had more rows than the other nodes. In this case, it took four times more than the average. This means that the slowest node took significantly longer than the average processing time. Why did this happen? The query’s execution details will provide insights: Why would the query against this table be even slower than the table with no DISTKEY/SORTKEY?Īfter creating two tables with and without DISTKEY, the table with the DISTKEY was much slower than the other: no DISTKEY -> 20.52 seconds This new table puts all rows of an error code on the same node and stores them next to each other. Shockingly, this query took 54.9 seconds! That’s 2.5 times slower than the first query against a table with no DISTKEY/SORTKEY. Take a look at how the query performs against the new table: SELECT err_code, created_at, count(*) FROM system_errors2 GROUP BY created_at, err_code If you want to run a query grouped by err_code without created_at, choose err_code as DISTKEY and SORTKEY. To collocate all relevant rows in a single node, you can use either the column err_code or created_at as the DISTKEY. This can be done by defining the DISTKEY. You can avoid this by putting all rows sharing the same err_code and created_at values on a single node. More importantly, a large amount of data was sent to the leader node across the network, which became the performance bottleneck. That's why you see two "Aggregate" steps in the above screenshot. Each node must aggregate its own rows first then, the leader node has to aggregate the results again. This warning occurred because rows that need to be aggregated (rows sharing the same err_code and created_at values) are spread across multiple compute nodes. Look at the warning sign! Something must have been wrong: Thankfully, it offers useful graphs and metrics to analyze query performance.īelow are the "Query Execution Details" for the query: Now it’s time to check query performance by analyzing the Amazon Redshift Console. You can improve this by investigating query performance.ĭISTKEY Redshift: Investigating The Query But if you look at the CPU usage, both compute nodes were used up to 30% of CPU. This isn’t too bad, considering the number of rows in the table. On this Redshift cluster (2-node dc1.large), the query took 20.52 seconds to execute. You can create a table without the DISTKEY before setting it and see how the query performs: CREATE TABLE system_errors1 ( The query gets the number of errors per error type for each time slice: SELECT err_code, created_at, count(*) FROM system_errors1 GROUP BY created_at, err_code Here, there is a query that needs optimizing. Each table has 282 million rows (lots of errors!). Each record of the table consists of an error that happened on a system with its (1) timestamp, and (2) error code. This example uses a series of tables called system_errors# where # is a series of numbers.
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This meat is also a common ingredient in gringas, alambres, huaraches, tortas, burritos, and pizza. A wedge of lemon or lime and a salsa are optional condiments. Meat is thinly sliced off the spit with a large knife into a small corn tortilla and served with finely chopped onions, cilantro, and diced pineapple. Guajillo chile, garlic, cumin, clove, bay leaf, and vinegar are common ingredients, with cinnamon, dried Mexican oregano, coriander, and black peppercorns found in many variants. ' spinning top'), the meat is shaved off as the outside is browned, and made into tacos. Pork is marinated in a combination of dried chilies, spices, pineapple, and typically achiote paste, then slowly cooked with charcoal or gas flame on a vertical rotisserie called a trompo ( lit. It is unknown when they began to be prepared as we know it today, however, some agree that it was in the 1960s when they became popular. Later, in Mexico City, they began to marinate with adobo, and using corn tortillas, which resulted in the al pastor taco. Mexican-born progeny of Lebanese immigrants began opening their various restaurants. In the 1920s in the state of Puebla, lamb meat was replaced by pork. The Lebanese version, shawarma, was brought to Mexico in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by a wave of Lebanese immigrants, mainly Christians such as the Maronites who have no religious dietary restrictions on eating pork. History ĭuring the 19th century, variations of a vertically grilled meat dish, now known by several names, started to spread throughout the Ottoman Empire. In some places of northern Mexico and coastal Mexico, such as in Baja California, taco al pastor is known as taco de trompo or taco de adobada.Ī variety of the dish uses a combination of Middle Eastern spices and indigenous central Mexican ingredients and is called tacos árabes. It is a popular street food that has spread to the United States. Al pastor features a flavor palate that uses traditional Mexican adobada (marinade). The method of preparing and cooking al pastor is based on the lamb shawarma brought by Lebanese immigrants to the region. Al pastor (from Spanish, "shepherd style"), tacos al pastor, or tacos de trompo is a preparation of spit-grilled slices of pork originating in the Central Mexican region of Puebla and Mexico City, although today it is a common menu item found in taquerías throughout Mexico. This is because the Netherlands is an open society in which contact with foreign governments, companies, scientists, journalists and private citizens is and should remain possible. In a great many cases, however, contact, cooperation and the exchange of information with foreign governments is legal and should remain so. The above goes to show that espionage activities cover a multitude of behaviours that could pose a threat to national security and the safety of individuals. The new law would criminalise such activities as well. Equally, foreign powers have no qualms about mobilising the members of such communities to silence opponents and critics within those communities or to pressurise them into conformity by other means. Diaspora spying activities include both the open and covert gathering of information and attempts to influence members of those communities in order to promote internal security interests. This is also referred to as ‘diaspora spying’. Eventually, this will contribute to the aim of this legislative proposal: improving national security.’ Diaspora spyingĪnother issue is that foreign powers are increasingly attempting to exert influence within communities in the Netherlands that originate from their countries. Moreover, we must protect individuals who are targeted by foreign espionage activities. This is also true for the specific knowledge and technology of private sectors which are of vital importance, such as telecoms. This is why we must protect the unique knowledge of our business sector, our educational institutions and our knowledge institutes. On the one hand this makes us strong, but it also makes us an appealing target for foreign governments and companies. ‘The Netherlands is a highly advanced country with an open economy and society. As espionage is increasingly being committed in the digital realm, the punishment for a number of computer crimes would increase by a third under the proposal if committed on behalf of a foreign power. In addition, the new stipulation would criminalise individuals who instigate others to carry out such activities on behalf of a foreign government. Such activities would become punishable by up to six years’ imprisonment. Once signed into law, the legislative proposal would criminalise espionage activities carried out on behalf of foreign governments that pose a threat to key Dutch interests, including national security and the safety of individuals. Espionage activities on behalf of foreign governments A rapidly changing world in which state actors are continuously looking for new ways to obtain information requires swift action.’ After all, these activities can also cause immense harm to key Dutch interests. Such activities include picking up and delivering parcels, shadowing individuals, committing sabotage or spreading disinformation. ‘We found that the law as it currently stands offers insufficient scope to combat espionage activities that do not involve the violation of state or company secrets or damaging activities other than the leaking of information. Developments like the emergence of new and ever more assertive players on the world stage and the dawn of digital espionage have prompted a review of existing espionage countermeasures. This includes classical methods of espionage, such as the violation of state and company secrets. Currently, many espionage activities are already punishable under Dutch law. The aim of this provision is to enable a more effective approach against new methods of espionage. Minister Yeşilgöz-Zegerius will today submit for consultation a legislative proposal to add a new provision to the Criminal Code. Your protest filing may not be accepted if you do not precisely finish the forms by the deadline. Go slowly going over all the regulations before you start. You can locate the required protest rules and the forms on the county’s website or at the county tax office. The county is accountable for computing the tax value of your property, and that is where you will file your protest. When you think that your property tax valuation is too high, you have an option to appeal the assessment. There are service providers prepared to appeal bills for you at no peril to you, no upfront costs. Also factor in any property market swings both increasing or dropping.Įven if you’re uncertain whether or not the assessment is too high, take steps without delay. Contrast your property’s appraised value with similar ones – especially with just sold in your locale. In every case tax levies are viewable for all to see on the web. Carefully study your assessment for other possible errors. Watch for repeat payments that happen, especially if you’ve just remortgaged. With any potential excessive assessment, it’s necessary to quickly assemble the facts and consider filing a formal appeal. Then take into consideration the likely appraiser’s mistakes. No mystery though when assumed alike properties in localities are appraised at the same fair market value predicated upon just a few - again presumed - similar properties’ appraised values. Perhaps you aren’t informed about your tax bill being higher than appropriate according to your property’s true worth. (fun fact: this lady would later marry Adam Curry of one-time MTV fame - they were one of the big Dutch celebrity couples of the time) I’m only now realising that it probably also inspired the sound of a 1977 Dutch pop disco classic that I adore: (relevant to the Blondie angle: ”The record reached #1 in the Billboard Disco Singles, #2 in the Hot Dance Club Play and #43 in the Hot 100 charts in the U.S.”) It never registered with me att that “El Bimbo” was this big worldwide - apparently it missed the top 30/40 over here two years in a row - and I had no idea about its afterlife: Hearing it now seems more than likely that it was a conscious source of inspiration, without “Atomic” being in any way plagiaristic. (the Spanish emcee’ing is not part of the (original) recording) Ooh, it’s *that* track! remember it from the radio, think some deejay here used it as theme music for their show - and yes, you’re right, it does! Decker also noted that even though "Joyful Noise" is written in the key of A and "Dark Horse" is written in B-flat, that's only a difference of a half step. The phrases also have a similar timbre - or distinctive quality of sound - using synthesized sounds to create a "pingy," artificial sound in the beat, Decker explained.Įven the texture of the sound in the phrases, such as the number of instruments being used, is unusually "empty," Decker said, with both introducing their beats in isolation.ĭespite the phrases ending with two different notes, Decker said "Dark Horse" uses a similar dip down in pitch to end the ostinato. He eventually isolated an eight-note melodic phrase beginning with four C-notes and two B-notes that he said seemed to indicate some musical borrowing on the part of Perry's songwriters.ĭecker said the melody for both phrases sits on the same note for four beats before descending in pitch. What's really blowing my mind right now is that Chris and Tom Hooper from Grapes of Wrath (an actual brother band!) are rocking the exact same look as Gary Louris from the Jayhawks (a psuedo brother band).įor the curious, here is what an expert witness for the rap artists - musicologist Todd Decker - testified on Friday (as reported in Law 360):įor this suit, Decker said he listened to Gray's 2008 song "Joyful Noise" and Perry's 2013 song "Dark Horse" back to back "countless times" before plunking notes out on a piano to try to figure out any similar-sounding patterns between the two songs. But the Grapes of Wrath song sounds more similar, actually. Pray for Me came out three years before Fire Escape, Miles Zuniga from Fastball is a documented fan of the Jayhawks, etc etc. I'm not sure you'd get away with a song like this anymore, but in the politically incorrect '80s, you could be vaguely racist without anyone kicking up too much of a stink.I thought that Fastball guitar riff came from here: It's apparently not about masturbation (as many theorised), but about going crazy (or "turning Japanese") after a failed relationship. It's one of the most misinterpreted songs of all time and the band has since set the record straight about what the song is actually about. Not included on this list: one-off charity ensembles Band Aid and USA For Africa, and The Young Ones (although chart-topper "Living Doll" was their only hit as a group, Neil had a solo hit and the comedy collaboration was one of many successes for Cliff Richard).Įntered the Australian chart: April 28, 1980 To start us off - here are the acts who topped the Australian singles chart in the '80s and never troubled the top 50 (or, in some cases, the top 100) again. Ultimate One-Hit Wonders: one number 1 and no further hits However, if you desire hair color 4 shades or lighter than your natural hair, opt for highlights.Ĭan you highlight black hair without bleach? Balayage is comparatively low-maintenance and provides subtle, blended highlights that look more natural. What is better for dark hair: balayage or highlights?ĭepends on your desired hair color and maintenance regime. Choose from burgundy, cherry red, dark chocolate brown, copper, chestnut, ash brown, and golden highlights to spruce up your hair instantly. Therefore, adding highlights to your hair is a safer option that allows you to experiment with different hair colors without compromising the integrity of your hair. Highlights are a godsend for dark-haired women as it does not cause as much damage as completely coloring dark hair, which means bleaching. Highlights for dark hair can enhance your hair’s depth, dimension, and texture like no other accessory. Leave the dye on for the recommended amount of time.Do not forget to add some light in the lower layers, especially if you keep changing your part.Ensure that the highlights are heavier towards the front than at the back.Using a toothbrush (this allows for better precision than a regular applicator brush), apply the dye onto your hair.Following the instructions on the box, mix the colorant and developer.You will have to work with thin (less than ¼ inch), evenly spaced sections if you have fine hair and thicker (½ inch), sparsely placed sections for voluminous/ curly hair. Decide how you want to highlight your hair.Apply the Vaseline all along your hairline, and on your forehead, ears, and neck.Put on your gloves and wear an old shirt that you wouldn’t mind getting stains on.Ensure that you are working with hair that hasn’t been washed in at least two days. Brush your hair to get rid of any knots or tangles.A Box Dye that is 1-2 shades lighter than your natural hair color.Infographic: Things To Keep In Mind Before Highlighting Your Hair.25 Gorgeous Highlight Ideas For Dark Hair. Judging by the amount of battery charge consumed in our test, a full day of changing tires should be possible with the two batteries. Removing lugs nuts on our F-250 Super Duty was no challenge for this impact wrench. All that torque requires a lot of power, so the M18 comes with two, big 5-Ah batteries. They’re bigger, heavier, and torque-ier (1,400 foot-pounds for the M18 Fuel here). Models like this Milwaukee are the heavy hitters when it comes to impact wrenches. We evaluated them on performance, price, comfort, value, and versatility to determine the best impact drivers that will meet the needs of a wide range of people. While compact wrenches were used to remove and then replace new, 9/16-inch, grade eight bolts tightened to 200 foot-pounds. Standard sized wrenches were also used to remove, or break free, rusted nuts and bolts on an old piece of farm equipment. Lug nuts removed were torqued to the recommended spec at 165 foot-pounds on a Ford F-250 Super Duty pickup truck-with compact wrenches, we removed them from a car torqued to a slightly lower spec of 150 foot-pounds. The first was removing and replacing lug nuts. We chose practical tasks that most people might need to accomplish with these impact wrenches. We research the market, survey user reviews, speak with product managers and engineers, and use our own experience operating these tools to determine the best options. How We Tested Impact WrenchesĮvery impact wrench on this list has been thoroughly vetted and evaluated by our test editors. Their size and capability for common tasks makes compact impact wrenches incredibly versatile. Because they are smaller, they don’t have the high torque specs of the larger models, but they have more than enough for most assembly/disassembly tasks the average person might encounter. However, these bigger tools may not fit in the spaces where they are needed.Ĭompact and sub-compact impact wrenches have shorter, less bulky, tool heads that fit into tight spaces better. They’re great for removing stubborn, rusted nuts and bolts. Full-size impacts will have larger, longer tool heads, with beefier internals, and thus higher torque specs. If the tool isn’t labeled specifically compact or sub-compact, you can assume, it is a full-sized model. There are also smaller ⅜- and larger ¾-inch drive models, with the latter being for heavy vehicle maintenance, agricultural equipment, or other industrial uses.Īmong half-inch impact wrenches, there are also tool body sizes-generally, full, compact, and sub-compact. What are we talking about when we say size? The most common size impact wrenches are ½-inch drive models-those with a square anvil measuring ½ x ½-inch, that accepts ½-inch sockets. And high RPM help drive nuts or bolts faster, while IPM kick in harder as the resistance increases. Impacts per minute (IPM) increase as revolutions per minute (RPM) increase. Think of amp hours like the volume of a gas tank-a bigger number equals more gas. Generally, 18-volt tools with advanced features and capabilities make them more versatile and easier to use.Īmp hours (Ah) equals the number of amps that the battery will discharge, continuously, for an hour. Tools with 18 and 20 volts have less difference between them. This makes them good for smaller jobs, working overhead, or getting into tight spaces. With smaller batteries, 12-volt impact wrenches are more compact. Batteries: Volts and Amp Hours (Ah)Īll things being equal, higher voltage will give you more power-but there are cases for lower voltage. As a result, the twisting motion-known as reactionary torque-that you feel when using an electric drill is virtually eliminated. Fortunately, impact wrenches are extremely comfortable to use because the concussive blows smoothly transfer most of that high-energy torque directly to the fastener, not to your hand, wrist, or arm. However, all that brute strength isn’t very useful if you can’t control the tool. By comparison, cordless impact wrenches can easily produce torque outputs of over 250 foot-pounds, which is more than enough muscle to power-drive the fattest lags and bust loose rusty, corroded nuts. For example, most cordless drill/drivers produce about 50 foot-pounds of torque, and the average impact driver delivers about 125 foot-pounds. It employs both rotational force (torque) and short-burst concussive blows (impacts) to deliver an unparalleled amount of power. Unlike cordless drill/drivers and impact drivers, which excel at drilling holes and driving screws, the impact wrench is specially designed for tightening and loosening various hex-head bolts, nuts, and lag screws. What You Need to Know About Impact Wrenches How They Work One of the ways to identify whether a program is intended for general training or designed to resolve specific cognitive difficulties, is to read about each program and to see whether the descriptions provided by the company promoting the program are general or specific. General brain training usually points to general benefits such as improving concentration, or improving memory, or improve your brain health, whereas a specialized program will be much more specific for instance, improving working memory, improve long-term memory, improving audio-visual coordination, improving multi-tasking or executive functions, and so forth. Which Brain Fitness Program is Right for You? 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But if you have a specific problem, for instance you pulled a muscle, or tore a ligament, you will need more specialized exercises to treat an injured area. There is a big difference between brain training in general and neuro-cognitive training. Lately, many companies trying to capitalize on the increasing demand for brain training have created all types of software or online-based mental exercises and games, claiming that they can improve brain function. Although such activities can be fun and somewhat beneficial for maintaining overall brain health, they cannot correct problems. This tool also has the OCR but still lacks many professional level features such as you cannot directly upload the documents to the cloud services and there is no mac version available for the program. Apart from that, it also provides several options to convert or extract the specific portions from the PDF file. Once you scanned your documents, you can quickly transfer them to PDF transformer pro and make changes to these documents. PDF Transformer pro is another paperless document management software which will let you edit or convert the scanned documents from your windows computer. The best 4 paperless document management software includes: Top 3 Paperless Document Management Software 1. Here’s the step by step paperless document organization guide which will tell you all the details on how you can manage paperless documents. When we talk about the paperless documentation, the first thing comes in the mind is the management of these digital, that’s where the paperless document management tool hops in. Nowadays, a new trend is in for the home office and is called paperless documentation which encourages people to reduce the paper consumption and store more of the documents digitally. Gone are the days when you had to store all of your documents in the cabinets which were not only heavy but also used to take a lot of space in your home or offices. Top eBooks formats include: Amazon Kindle, Apple iBooks, ePub (open industry standard).We are living in a digital world where everything is shifting towards the computers, smartphones or robotics. Replace all paper manuals with eBooks and PDFs. The top vendors include: ccscan and abbyyscan. It will take you 10 times longer to search dozens of paper file cabinets to find key information. Use high quality scanning software to convert paper to digital information that can be quickly searched. They can be used for work, however, we believe they are still better for home and personal use at this time. The Amazon Tablets (with Android) are also being used in small businesses to save money. If you don't like Apple products or have a very limited budget, here's a link to the top Google Android Tablets. Our favorite tablet is: the Apple iPad Pro. Use tablets to read reports and reduce the need to print more paper. Our favorite Smartphone Apps are Scanner Pro (iPhone and iPad only) and CamScanner Tablets You can even password protect medical and financial information. Use your smartphone to convert paper to PDFs. Top vendors include: Box, Dropbox, Sharefile (by Citrix), Apple iCloud, Google Drive and more. Securely move information and data storage into the cloud. Some of the top vendors include:, and Cloud Storage There are many great alternative services from Banks to companies that specialize in eBilling. The top vendors include: Docusign, Adobe Echosign and Rightsignature (by Citrix). eSignatures are legally accepted in the USA. If you process lots of large paper contracts, eSignatures will give you one of the fastest returns on investment of any of the technologies. Some of the leading vendors include: Cannon Office Copier & Scanners and Xerox Office Copiers and Scanners. You can then use the copier to copy and convert your documents to a digital format. When you are ready to upgrade your office copier, you should consider getting a model with a scanner and software built-in. Look for one of our favorite desktop scanners: the Fujitsu ScanSnap iX500 Office Copiers Stand-alone Scanners - New low-cost high-speed scanners will quickly scan a multi-page document into a PDF stored in a digital file. There is an Evernote app for almost every mobile device, Windows and Mac laptops. The evernote clipper extension can be installed in Chrome or Safari Browsers to help with any website research. The mobile apps can scan business cards, connect with LinkedIn and automatically enter the contact info into your smartphone phone book. It's also a must-have in today's mobile world. The following Top 10 Technology Solutions are used today to Build a Paperless Office: Note Taking and ResearchĮvernote is our number one solution for going to a paperless office - The business and premium versions of Evernote will OCR scan and search all words in a PDF document and in photos. In our Small Business offices, we've been reducing one file cabinet per year by implementing these techniques. The less paper you handle and touch reduces the risk of virus infections. Going paperless greatly increases virus safety. Significant employee productivity gains are exciting to see within months, not years. The latest technology is unbelievably effective at reducing or eliminating paper in your office. Unfortunately, the available technology was never quite good enough or cost effective enough to give most businesses a good return on investment (ROI). The concept of the paperless office has been around for decades. 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